What is Matter?
Matter is anything that has a mass or volume, it's everything! There are three states of matter, they are Solids, Liquids, and Gases.
Matter is anything that has a mass or volume, it's everything! There are three states of matter, they are Solids, Liquids, and Gases.
Solids:
Have a definite shape Have a definite volume Are not compressible Have a high density Examples of Solids include: |
Liquids:
Have an indefinite shape Have a definite volume Are not compressible Are less dense than solids Examples of Liquids include: |
Gases:
Have an indefinite shape Have an indefinite volume Are compressible Have a very low density Examples of Gases include: |
How to Classify Matter?
The two major groups that matter can be classified into are the pure substances and the mixtures.
Pure Substances:
Have definite composition Are composed of either elements or compounds Elements- Found on the periodic table, made of atoms Atoms- Smallest unit of an element Compounds- Form when two or more elements chemically combine |
Mixtures:
No definite composition Are two or more pure substances physically mixed together Two Types of Mixtures:
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5 Techniques to Separate Mixtures:
Filtration- Process of passing a mixture through a porous device, such as filter paper, to separate the components.
Evaporation- If you left a solution to stand, such as water and salt, the water would evaporate leaving the salt crystals behind.
Decanting- If solid particles in a mixture settle to the bottom of a container, you can carefully pour the liquid off.
Centrifuge- The centrifuge spins very fast causing the solid particles to sink to the bottom of the container.
Paper Chromatography- Separates mixtures of dyes or pigments because the different substance move at a different rate on the paper.
Pure substances have a unique set of physical and chemical properties.
Filtration- Process of passing a mixture through a porous device, such as filter paper, to separate the components.
Evaporation- If you left a solution to stand, such as water and salt, the water would evaporate leaving the salt crystals behind.
Decanting- If solid particles in a mixture settle to the bottom of a container, you can carefully pour the liquid off.
Centrifuge- The centrifuge spins very fast causing the solid particles to sink to the bottom of the container.
Paper Chromatography- Separates mixtures of dyes or pigments because the different substance move at a different rate on the paper.
Pure substances have a unique set of physical and chemical properties.
Physical Properties:
Properties that can be measured or observed without changing the identity, also known as the composition, of a substance. Ex. Color, odor, texture, taste, freezing point, melting point, density, and mass Physical Changes: Changes in appearance without changing the composition. Changes in state such as: Freezing, melting, boiling, subliming Subliming- Going from solid to gas Ex. Cutting, breaking, pulverizing |
Chemical Properties:
Properties that indicate how a substance reacts with other substances. Ex. Flammable, combustible, burnable, "reacts with..." Chemical Changes: One or more substances react to form new substances with different chemical and physical properties. The beginning substance is different from the ending substance. Ex. Burning, rusting, corrosion, digestion, respiration, decaying |
The Law of Conservation of Mass states that in any chemical or physical change, matter can neither be created nor destroyed. Mass of the reactants equals the mass of the products.