Types of Bonds
There are two types of bonds, ionic and covalent bonds.
Ionic bonds- Involves a transfer of electrons. One element loses electrons while the other gains them.
Covalent Bonding- Involves a sharing of electrons. Atoms will share in order to reach a stable electron configuration.
There are two types of bonds, ionic and covalent bonds.
Ionic bonds- Involves a transfer of electrons. One element loses electrons while the other gains them.
Covalent Bonding- Involves a sharing of electrons. Atoms will share in order to reach a stable electron configuration.
Ionic Bonds
Very strong Solid at room temp High melting and boiling points Made of metals and nonmetals Does not conduct electricity in solid state, does is liquid and aqueous states |
Covalent Bonds
Weaker than ionic bonds Much lower melting and boiling points Solid, gas, or liquid at room temp Made of nonmetals only Non-conductors at any state Covalently bonded atoms are called molecules or molecular compounds |
Naming Ionic Compounds
In order to name an ionic compound, you have to know the formula for doing so.
(Name of Ion- Metal) (Name of Anion- Nonmetal)
Ex. KBr- Potassium Bromide
Na(SO4)- Sodium Sulfate
For elements with more than one possible charge (d block elements) you have to use the charge on the anion to find the charge on the cation.
Ex. Fe2(CrO4)3
CrO4 has a -2 charge so you take that and plug it into a formula that looks like this:
2x+3(-2)=0
2x-6=0
2x=6
x=3
You get the 2 from Iron's subscript, the 3 from Chromate's subscript, and the -2 because that is chromate's charge and chromate is the anion.
So your answer is Iron (III) Chromate
In order to name an ionic compound, you have to know the formula for doing so.
(Name of Ion- Metal) (Name of Anion- Nonmetal)
Ex. KBr- Potassium Bromide
Na(SO4)- Sodium Sulfate
For elements with more than one possible charge (d block elements) you have to use the charge on the anion to find the charge on the cation.
Ex. Fe2(CrO4)3
CrO4 has a -2 charge so you take that and plug it into a formula that looks like this:
2x+3(-2)=0
2x-6=0
2x=6
x=3
You get the 2 from Iron's subscript, the 3 from Chromate's subscript, and the -2 because that is chromate's charge and chromate is the anion.
So your answer is Iron (III) Chromate
Naming Molecular Compounds
In order to name molecular compounds, you have to know all the prefixes.
1- Mono 6- Hexa
2- Di 7- Hepta
3-Tri 8- Octa
4- Tetra 9- Nona
5- Penta 10- Deca
Use the prefixes to indicate how many of each molecule is in an element, and change the ending on the second element to "-ide"
Ex. N2S4- Dinitrogen Tetraoxide
SiO2- Silicon Dioxide
To write the formula, just use the prefixes to determine the subscripts.
Ex. Trisulfur Hexafluoride- S3F6
Carbon Pentaoxide- CO5
In order to name molecular compounds, you have to know all the prefixes.
1- Mono 6- Hexa
2- Di 7- Hepta
3-Tri 8- Octa
4- Tetra 9- Nona
5- Penta 10- Deca
Use the prefixes to indicate how many of each molecule is in an element, and change the ending on the second element to "-ide"
Ex. N2S4- Dinitrogen Tetraoxide
SiO2- Silicon Dioxide
To write the formula, just use the prefixes to determine the subscripts.
Ex. Trisulfur Hexafluoride- S3F6
Carbon Pentaoxide- CO5
Writing Ionic Formulas
To write an Ionic formula, you take the charge on both of the elements you're combining, and cross them.
Ex. Mg and Cl
Mg has a +2 charge
Cl has a -1 charge
Cross them, Giving Mg a subscript of Cl's charge, and Cl a subscript of Mg's charge.
MgCl2 is your ionic formula!
To write an Ionic formula, you take the charge on both of the elements you're combining, and cross them.
Ex. Mg and Cl
Mg has a +2 charge
Cl has a -1 charge
Cross them, Giving Mg a subscript of Cl's charge, and Cl a subscript of Mg's charge.
MgCl2 is your ionic formula!